The text begins by paradoxically stating "not the non-existent existed, nor did the existent exist then" ( ná ásat āsīt ná u sát āsīt tadânīm), paralleled in verse 2 by "then not death existed, nor the immortal" ( ná mṛtyúḥ āsīt amŕtam ná tárhi). Astronomer Carl Sagan quoted it in discussing India's "tradition of skeptical questioning and unselfconscious humility before the great cosmic mysteries." Įven though untypical of the content of the Vedic hymns, it is one of the most widely received portions of the Rigveda.Īn atheist interpretation sees the Creation Hymn as one of the earliest accounts of skeptical inquiry and agnosticism. The hymn, as Mandala 10 in general, is late within the Rigveda Samhita, and expresses thought more typical of later Vedantic philosophy. The hymn has attracted a large body of literature of commentaries both in Indian darsanas and in Western philology. Rigveda 10.129 (Abridged, Tr: Kramer / Christian) Only He knows, or perhaps He does not know. Only He who is its overseer in highest heaven knows, Perhaps it formed itself, or perhaps it did not Whether God's will created it, or whether He was mute Gods came afterwards, with the creation of this universe. Whence was it produced? Whence is this creation? Who really knows? Who will here proclaim it? That One by force of heat came into being That which, becoming, by the void was covered Without distinctive marks, this all was water
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Other than that there was nothing beyond.ĭarkness there was at first, by darkness hidden That One breathed, windless, by its own impulse
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No distinguishing sign of night nor of day There was neither death nor immortality then What stirred? Where? In whose protection? Neither the realm of space, nor the sky which is beyond
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There was neither non-existence nor existence then Nasadiya Sukta (Hymn of non-Eternity, origin of universe):